Questões de Enem e Vestibulares: Inglês

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21 Q670211 | Inglês, Vestibular USP, USP, FUVEST, Ensino Médio, 2019

Texto associado.

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency.

Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systemsto many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient.

“Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager?to? please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.

“The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”

The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”

The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch?me?if?you?can flirtation”.

Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.”

The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.

De acordo com o texto, na opinião de Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligência Artificial, entre outros aspectos,

a)
são desenvolvidas segundo normas prescritas em convenções internacionais.
b)
devem ser monitoradas por empresas multinacionais geridas por mulheres.
c)
funcionam melhor quando associadas a dispositivos sincronizados em escala mundial.
d)
dependem de atualização constante para garantia de desempenho satisfatório.
e)
requerem avaliação ampla, quanto à possível presença de elementos tendenciosos em sua concepção.

23 Q669439 | Inglês, Vestibular UNICAMP, UNICAMP, Comvest, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

Para as questões 36 e 37, leia o texto abaixo.

Advice for new students from those who know (old students)
The first day of college I was a ball of nerves. I remember
walking into my first class and running to the first seat I
found, thinking everyone would be staring at me. But
nobody seemed to notice and then it hit me: The fact that
nobody knew me meant nobody would judge, which, upon
reflection, was what I was scared of the most. I told myself
to let go. All along the year, I forced myself into situations
that were uncomfortable for me – for example, auditioning
for a dance piece. Believe it or not, that performance was a
highlight of my freshman year. My advice: challenge
yourself to try something new, something you couldn’t have
done in high school. – Ria Jagasia, Vanderbilt University,
’18.

(Adaptado de http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/ education/edlife/
advice-for-new-students-from-those-who-know-old-students.html?ref=
edlife.)

Para lidar com a situação, a estratégia adotada foi deixar de se preocupar e

a) fazer coisas que nunca fez antes.
b) fazer novos amigos.
c) fazer um curso de dança como ouvinte.
d) abandonar o curso.

25 Q25108 | Inglês, Vestibular USP, USP, FUVEST, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

Working for on demand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal autoinsurance.

Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for on-demand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday.

"We want to shed light on the industry as a whole," said Isaac Madan, a Stanford master s candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. "People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy."

On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees.

That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask

contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days - all perks of full time workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and human relations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility ofnew jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that!

SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado

Um dos resultados da pesquisa realizada com prestadores de serviços de empresas do tipo "on-demand" mostra que esses trabalhadores

a) consideram a flexibilidade do horário de trabalho o ponto alto de sua opção profissional.
b) pagam seus próprios seguros saúde e planos de aposentadoria.
c) investem no seu aprimoramento profissional para obter melhores ganhos no futuro.
d) têm a opção de tirar férias quando desejarem, com o apoio das empresas e dos familiares.
e) desejam ter os mesmos benefícios sociais que trabalhadores assalariados.

26 Q668723 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

A Tall Order

The sky isn’t the limit for an architect building the world’s first invisible skyscraper

Charles Wee, one of the world’s leading high-rise architects, has a confession to make: he’s bored with skyscrapers. After designing more than 30, most of which punctuate the skulines od rapidly expanding Asian cities, he has struck upon a novel concept: the firts invisible skyscraper.

As the tallest structure in South Korea, his Infinity Tower loom over Seoul until somebody pushes a button and it completely disappears.

When he entered a 2004 competition to design a landmark tower, the Korean-American architect rejected the notion of competing with Dubai, Toronto, and Shanghai to reach the summit of man-made summits. “I thought, let’s not jump into this stupid race to build another ‘tallest’ tower,” he says in a phone conversation. “Let’s take an opposite approach — let’s make an anti-tower.”

The result will be a 150-story building that fades from view at the flick of a switch. The tower will effectively function as an enormous television screen, being able to project an exact replica of whatever is happening behind it onto its façade. To the human eye, the building will appear to have melted away.

It will be the most extraordinary achievement of Wee’s stellar architectural career. After graduating from UCLA, he worked under Anthony Lumsdenm, a prolific California architect who helped devise the modern technique of wrapping buildings inside smooth glass skins.

HINES, N. Disponível em: (http://mag.newsweek.com). Acesso em: 13 out. 2013 (adaptado).

No título e no subtítulo desse texto, as expressões A Tall Order e The sky isn’t the limit são usadas para apresentar uma matéria cujo tema é

a)
Inovações tecnológicas usadas para a construção de um novo arranha-céu em Seul.
b)
Confissões de um arquiteto que busca se destacar na construção de arranha-céus.
c)
Técnicas a serem estabelecidas para a construção de edifícios altos na Califórnia.
d)
Competição entre arquitetos para a construção do edifício mais alto do mundo.
e) Construção de altas torres de apartamentos nas grandes metrópoles da Ásia.

27 Q19207 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos Inglês, Vestibular IME, IME, EB, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

ARE YOU A FACEBOOK ADDICT?

Are you a social media enthusiast or simply a Facebook addict? Researchers from Norway have developed a new instrument to measure Facebook addiction, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.

"The use of Facebook has increased rapidly. We are dealing with a subdivision of Internet addiction connected to social media," Doctor of Psychology Cecilie Schou Andreassen says about the study, which is the first of its kind worldwide.

Andreassen heads the research project "Facebook Addiction" at the University of Bergen (UiB). An article about the results has just been published in the renowned journal Psychological Reports. She has clear views as to why some people develop Facebook dependency.

"It occurs more regularly among younger than older users. We have also found that people who are anxious and socially insecure use Facebook more than those with lower scores on those traits, probably because those who are anxious find it easier to communicate via social media than face-to- face," Andreassen says.

People who are organised and more ambitious tend to be less at risk from Facebook addiction. They will often use social media as an integral part of work and networking.

"Our research also indicates that women are more at risk of developing Facebook addiction, probably due to the social nature of Facebook," Andreassen says.

Six warning signs

As Facebook has become as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Andreassen’s study shows that the symptoms of Facebook addiction resemble those of drug addiction, alcohol addiction and chemical substance addiction.

The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale is based on six basic criteria, where all items are scored on the following scale: (1) Very rarely, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5)Very often, and (6) Always.

• You spend a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planning to use of Facebook.
• You feel an urge to use Facebook more and more.
• You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems.
• You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.
• You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using Facebook.
• You use Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies.

Andreassen’s study shows that scoring “often” or “very often” on at least four of the six items may suggest that you are addicted to Facebook.

Disponível em: Acesso em: Acesso em: 3 jun. 2013 (Texto adaptado)

According to the passage, which of the following is true about Facebook?

a) Because of their own nature, men are not at the risk of being addicted to social network.
b) Facebook has replaced television in our daily lives.
c) People who are organized and ambitious tend to use social media as an important part of their work and networking.
d) Because Facebook is part of people s daily routine, it is easy for them to identify whether they are addicted to it or not.
e) Unless you have a score of "often" or "very often” on all the criteria specified in the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, you cannot be considered addicted to social media.

28 Q19204 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos Inglês, Vestibular IME, IME, EB, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

According to the passage, it is correct to say that

a) every media enthusiast is a Facebook addict.
b) Facebook addiction has nothing to do with internet addiction.
c) young women who use Facebook get addicted to it.
d) students with lower scores at school tend to get addicted to Facebook.
e) women are more likely to develop Facebook addiction.

29 Q24968 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP, Ensino Médio

Why am I compelled to write? Because the writing saves me from this complacency I fear. Because I have no choice. Because I must keep the spirit of my revolt and myself alive. Because the world I create in the writing compensates for what the real world does not give me. By writing I put order in the world, give it a handle so I can grasp it.

ANZALDÚA, G. E. Speaking in tongues: a letter to third world women writers. In: HERNANDEZ, J. B. (Ed.). Women writing resistance: essays on Latin America and the Caribbean. Boston: South End, 2003.

Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa, falecida em 2004, foi uma escritora americana de origem mexicana que escreveu sobre questões culturais e raciais. Na citação, o intuito da autora é evidenciar as

a) razões pelas quais ela escreve.
b) compensações advindas da escrita
c) possibilidades de mudar o mundo real.
d) maneiras de ela lidar com seus medos.
e) escolhas que ela faz para ordenar o mundo.

30 Q668677 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

BOGOF is used as a noun as in ‘There are some great bogofs on at the supermarket’ or an adjective, usually with a word such as ‘offer’ or ‘deal’ – ‘there are some great bogof offers in store’.

When you combine the first letters of the words in a phrase or the name of an organisation, you have an acronym. Acronyms are spoken as a word so NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) is not pronounced N-A-T-O. We say NATO. Bogof, when said out loud, is quite comical for a native speaker, as it sounds like an insult, ‘Bog off!’ meaning go away, leave me alone, slightly childish and a little old-fashioned.

BOGOF is the best-known of the supermarket marketing strategies. The concept was first imported from the USA during the 1970s recession, when food prices were very high. It came back into fashion in the late 1990s, led by big supermarket chains trying to gain a competitive advantage over each other. Consumers were attracted by the idea that they could get something for nothing. Who could possibly say ‘no’?

Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em 2 ago. 2012 (adaptado).

Considerando-se as informações do texto, a expressão “bogof” é usada para

a) anunciar mercadorias em promoção.
b) pedir para uma pessoa se retirar.
c) comprar produtos fora de moda.
d) indicar recessão na economia.
e) chamar alguém em voz alta.

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