Questões de Vestibular: Inglês

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21 Q25108 | Inglês, Vestibular USP, USP, FUVEST

Texto associado.
Working for on demand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal autoinsurance.

Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for on-demand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday.

"We want to shed light on the industry as a whole," said Isaac Madan, a Stanford master s candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. "People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy."

On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees.

That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask

contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days - all perks of full time workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and human relations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility ofnew jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that!

SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado
Um dos resultados da pesquisa realizada com prestadores de serviços de empresas do tipo "on-demand" mostra que esses trabalhadores

22 Q669439 | Inglês, Vestibular UNICAMP, UNICAMP, COMVEST

Texto associado.

Para as questões 36 e 37, leia o texto abaixo.

Advice for new students from those who know (old students)
The first day of college I was a ball of nerves. I remember
walking into my first class and running to the first seat I
found, thinking everyone would be staring at me. But
nobody seemed to notice and then it hit me: The fact that
nobody knew me meant nobody would judge, which, upon
reflection, was what I was scared of the most. I told myself
to let go. All along the year, I forced myself into situations
that were uncomfortable for me – for example, auditioning
for a dance piece. Believe it or not, that performance was a
highlight of my freshman year. My advice: challenge
yourself to try something new, something you couldn’t have
done in high school. – Ria Jagasia, Vanderbilt University,
’18.

(Adaptado de http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/ education/edlife/
advice-for-new-students-from-those-who-know-old-students.html?ref=
edlife.)


Para lidar com a situação, a estratégia adotada foi deixar de se preocupar e

23 Q25063 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP

A Tall Order

The sky isn’t the limit for an architect building the world’s first invisible skyscraper.

Charles Wee, one of the world"s leading high-rise architects, has a confession to make: he"s bored with skyscrapers. After designing more than 30, most of which punctuate the skylines of rapidly expanding Asian cities, he has struck upon a novel concept: the first invisible skyscraper.
As the tallest structure in South Korea, his Infinity Tower will loom over Seoul until somebody pushes a button and it completely disappears.
When he entered a 2004 competition to design a landmark tower, the Korean-American architect rejected the notion of competing with Dubai, Toronto, and Shanghai to reach the summit of man-made summits. “I thought, let"s not jump into this stupid race to build another ‘tallest’ tower,” he says in a phone conversation. “Let"s take an opposite approach — let"s make an anti-tower.”
The result will be a 150-story building that fades from view at the flick of a switch. The tower will effectively function as an enormous television screen, being able to project an exact replica of whatever is happening behind it onto its façade. To the human eye, the building will appear to have melted away.
It will be the most extraordinary achievement of Wee"s stellar architectural career. After graduating from UCLA, he worked under Anthony Lumsden, a prolific Californian architect who helped devise the modern technique of wrapping buildings inside smooth glass skins.

HINES, N. Disponível em: http://mag.newsweek.com. Acesso em: 13 out. 2013 (adaptado).

No título e no subtítulo desse texto, as expressões A Tall Order e The sky isn’t the limit são usadas para apresentar uma matéria cujo tema é:

24 Q669497 | Inglês, IF MT Vestibular IF MT, IF MT, IF MT

Texto associado.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
01 The term "pollutant" refers to any substance that, when introduced to an area, has a negative impact on
the environment and its organisms. Pollution can impact human health, air, water, land and entire ecosystems. 
Most sources of pollution result from human activity.
Impact on Human Health
05 Many pollutants have a negative impact on human health. For example, pollutants in the air, such as ozone
or particulates in the air, may lead to respiratory health problems such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and
decreased lung function. Drinking contaminated water may lead to stomach and other digestive problems.
Pollutants such as mercury can accumulate in fish and seafood and can lead to serious health problems,
especially for vulnerable populations such as children or pregnant women. Pollutants in the soil, such as
10 contamination by heavy metals, toxins or lead, can lead to serious health problems, including cancer and
developmental problems in children.
Impact on Air
One of the most common sources of air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, such as vehicle
and factory emissions. These emissions are a major contributor to smog, a mass of particulate matter than
15 hangs like a cloud over many major cities and industrial areas. A second effect of air pollution is acid rain,
which forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the air combine with oxygen, water and other chemicals in the air. 
This combination decreases the pH of rainwater, which is typically pH neutral, and turns it
acid. Acid rain can lead to the death of trees, fish kills in lakes and damage to statues, monuments and 
building faces.
20 Impact on Water
Water pollution may result from run-off from places such as agricultural fields, construction sites or factories; 
oil spills; sewage disposals; and the accumulation of trash. Water pollution has a deleterious effect
on the native plant and animal species that call bodies of water home. Run-off from agricultural fields can
lead to algal blooms which choke out other plants and decrease the amount of available oxygen for species
25 of fish and other organisms. Chemicals in the water can affect animal development, leading to deformities,
such as extra legs in frogs. Oil spills kill native species of animals including waterfowl and mammal species.
Sewage overflow can contaminate sources of human drinking water, leading to serious health problems, as
mentioned above. The accumulation of trash in bodies of water may also lead to animal deaths resulting
from becoming tangled in plastic items such as plastic bags, fishing wire and other debris.
30 Impact on Land
Pollutants in the soil most often result from industrial sources. Particularly insidious soil pollutants include lead, 
PCBs and asbestos. These pollutants may negatively affect human health and native plant and animal health. 
Pesticide use can also impact the land. One undesired impact of using pesticides is the death of
native plant and animal species that also reside in the area.
35 Impact on Ecosystems
Because each type of pollution (air, water, land) does not occur separately from one another, entire
ecosystems are often impacted. For example, the use of pesticides or fertilizers on land may negatively impact terrestrial 
species of plants and animals. When these materials are introduced to nearby bodies of water, they impact aquatic species 
of plants and animals. Thus, curbing pollution in one area of an ecosystem
40 can also help protect another part of the ecosystem
Considerando o vocabulário e a estrutura da língua inglesa contidos no texto, assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.

25 Q668505 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Sugar fear-mongering unhelpful By The Washington Times Tuesday, June 25, 2013
   In his recent piece “Is obesity a disease?” (Web, June 19), Dr. Peter Lind refers to high-fructose corn syrup and other “manufactured sugars” as “poison” that will “guarantee storage of fat in the body.” Current scientific research strongly indicates that obesity results from excessive calorie intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle. The fact is Americans are consuming more total calories now than ever before. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, our total per-capita daily caloric intake increased by 22 percent from2,076 calories per day in 1970 to 2,534 calories per day in 2010 — an additional 458 calories, only 34 of which come from increased added sugar intake. A vast majority of these calories come from increased fats and flour/ cereals. Surprisingly, the amount of caloric sweeteners (i.e. sugar, high-fructose, corn syrup, honey, etc.). Americans consume has actually decreased over the past decade. We need to continue to study the obesity epidemic to see what more can be done, but demonizing one specific ingredient accomplishes nothing and raises unnecessary fears that get in the way of real solutions.
JAMES M. RIPPE
Shrewsbury, Mass.
Disponível em: www.washingtontimes.com. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2013 (adaptado).
Ao abordar o assunto “obesidade”, em uma seção de jornal, o autor

26 Q19207 | Inglês, Interpretação de Textos Inglês, Vestibular IME, IME, EB

Texto associado.
ARE YOU A FACEBOOK ADDICT?  

Are you a social media enthusiast or simply a Facebook addict? Researchers from Norway have developed a new instrument to measure Facebook addiction, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.

"The use of Facebook has increased rapidly. We are dealing with a subdivision of Internet addiction connected to social media," Doctor of Psychology Cecilie Schou Andreassen says about the study, which is the first of its kind worldwide. 

Andreassen heads the research project  "Facebook Addiction" at the University of Bergen (UiB). An article about the results has just been published in the renowned journal Psychological Reports. She has clear views as to why some people develop Facebook dependency. 

"It occurs more regularly among younger than older users. We have also found that people who are anxious and socially insecure use Facebook more than those with lower scores on those traits, probably because those who are anxious find it easier to communicate via social media than face-to- face," Andreassen says.  

People who are organised and more ambitious tend to be less at risk from Facebook addiction. They will often use social media as an integral part of work and networking. 

"Our research also indicates that women are more at risk of developing Facebook addiction, probably due to the social nature of Facebook," Andreassen says. 

Six warning signs

As Facebook has become as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Andreassen’s study shows that the symptoms of Facebook addiction resemble those of drug  addiction, alcohol addiction and chemical substance addiction. 

The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale is based on six basic criteria, where all items are scored on the following scale: (1) Very rarely, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5)Very often, and (6) Always. 

• You spend a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planning to use of Facebook.
• You feel an urge to use Facebook more and more.
• You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems.
• You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.
• You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using Facebook.
• You use Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies.  

Andreassen’s study shows that scoring “often” or “very often” on at least four of the six items may suggest that you are addicted to Facebook. 


Disponível em: Acesso em: Acesso em: 3 jun. 2013 (Texto adaptado)
According to the passage, which of the following is true about Facebook?

27 Q19212 | Inglês, Vestibular IME, IME, EB

Fat? No way! Jane isn’t fat at all. _______________________, she is quite skinny. 

28 Q670211 | Inglês, Vestibular USP, USP, FUVEST

Texto associado.
TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

    Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency.
    Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systemsto many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient.
    “Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager?to? please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.
    “The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”
    The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”
    The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch?me?if?you?can flirtation”.
    Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.”
The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, na opinião de Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligência Artificial, entre outros aspectos,

29 Q668723 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP

Texto associado.
A Tall Order
The sky isn’t the limit for an architect building the world’s first invisible skyscraper
Charles Wee, one of the world’s leading high-rise architects, has a confession to make: he’s bored with skyscrapers. After designing more than 30, most of which punctuate the skulines od rapidly expanding Asian cities, he has struck upon a novel concept: the firts invisible skyscraper.
As the tallest structure in South Korea, his Infinity Tower loom over Seoul until somebody pushes a button and it completely disappears.
When he entered a 2004 competition to design a landmark tower, the Korean-American architect rejected the notion of competing with Dubai, Toronto, and Shanghai to reach the summit of man-made summits. “I thought, let’s not jump into this stupid race to build another ‘tallest’ tower,” he says in a phone conversation. “Let’s take an opposite approach — let’s make an anti-tower.”
The result will be a 150-story building that fades from view at the flick of a switch. The tower will effectively function as an enormous television screen, being able to project an exact replica of whatever is happening behind it onto its façade. To the human eye, the building will appear to have melted away.
It will be the most extraordinary achievement of Wee’s stellar architectural career. After graduating from UCLA, he worked under Anthony Lumsdenm, a prolific California architect who helped devise the modern technique of wrapping buildings inside smooth glass skins.
HINES, N. Disponível em: (http://mag.newsweek.com). Acesso em: 13 out. 2013 (adaptado).
No título e no subtítulo desse texto, as expressões A Tall Order e The sky isn’t the limit são usadas para apresentar uma matéria cujo tema é

30 Q24968 | Inglês, Vestibular ENEM, ENEM, INEP

Why am I compelled to write? Because the writing saves me from this complacency I fear. Because I have no choice. Because I must keep the spirit of my revolt and myself alive. Because the world I create in the writing compensates for what the real world does not give me. By writing I put order in the world, give it a handle so I can grasp it.

ANZALDÚA, G. E. Speaking in tongues: a letter to third world women writers. In: HERNANDEZ, J. B. (Ed.). Women writing resistance: essays on Latin America and the Caribbean. Boston: South End, 2003.

Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa, falecida em 2004, foi uma escritora americana de origem mexicana que escreveu sobre questões culturais e raciais. Na citação, o intuito da autora é evidenciar as
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