Questões de Enem e Vestibular: Grupos II e III

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1 Q680710 | Inglês, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Texto associado.

Read the text below and answer question


Is it really possible that plant-based foods such as the Impossible Whopper are healthful?


ByCara Rosenbloom September9, 2019


With many American consumers interested in reducing their consumption of animal products without becoming vegetarian or vegan, the food industry has come up with a new craze: plant-based. Look around your grocery store, and you’ll see a growing number of dairy, egg and meat substitutes bearing this label.

But the industry has taken liberties with the definition of “plant-based.” Rather than focusing on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, which is what health professionals mean when they recommend “plant-based eating,” food manufacturers are developing ultra-processed burgers out of pea or soy protein, methylcellulose and maltodextrin, and liquid “eggs” out of mung bean protein isolate and gellan gum. Then they crown this ultra-processed food with an undeserved health halo.

(…)

Plant-based ultra-processed products such as these are formulated to taste like the real deal. Thus, consumers can feel virtuous or principled for choosing plants over meat without sacrificing too much flavor. But is there any value to plant-based products that have been crushed, extruded and shaped into facsimiles of the foods they are replacing? Let’s look at that question through several lenses — considering nutrients, how processed the food is and how producing the food affects the planet.

When I was in nutrition school, the health value of food was mostly calculated based on the presence of desirable nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins, and on the absence of negative nutrients, such as sodium or trans fat. If you compare ultra-processed plant-based foods and similar animal-based foods solely on their nutrients, you’ll find they are roughly the same.

Plant-based foods are purposely formulated to mimic animal-based foods, so plant-based milk is enriched with calcium and vitamin D to mimic cow’s milk, while veggie burgers are rich in protein and made with iron and zinc to imitate beef. But they aren’t always made to reduce the presence of less-healthy nutrients. Sometimes, the processed plant-based food will have more sodium than the processed animal-based food, and sometimes the animal food will be higher in calories or saturated fat.

(…)

Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food. True plant-based eating doesn’t mean opting for an Impossible Whopper in the drive-through or scrambling up some 15-ingredient “egg alternative.” It means a diet that includes nourishing options such as black beans, broccoli and brown rice. We’re always looking for some magical way to eat junky food and achieve health. Don’t be fooled by this plant-based pretense.

Adapted from the digital edition ofThe Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com



Choose the alternative that best contains the idea of this sentence from the text:


“Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food.”

2 Q680727 | Biologia, Problemas ambientais e medidas de conservação, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Pesquisadora sobre fogo na Amazônia explica real situação da floresta.


A pesquisadora sênior da Universidade de Oxford, Dra. Erika Berenguer, é uma das maiores referências sobre fogo em florestas tropicais do mundo. Ela relata que um “aspecto importante a ser considerado é que incêndios na floresta amazônica não ocorrem de maneira natural – eles precisam de uma fonte de ignição antrópica. Ao contrário de outros ecossistemas, como o Cerrado, a Amazônia não evoluiu com o fogo e esse não faz parte de sua dinâmica. Isso significa que quando a Amazônia pega fogo, uma parte imensa de suas árvores morrem, porque elas não têm nenhum tipo de proteção ao fogo. Ao morrerem, essas árvores então se decompõem liberando para a atmosfera todo o carbono que elas armazenavam, contribuindo assim para as mudanças climáticas. O problema nisso é que a Amazônia armazena muito carbono nas suas árvores - a floresta inteira estoca o equivalente a 100 anos de emissões de CO2dos EUA. Então queimar a floresta significa colocar muito CO2de volta na atmosfera.”


Disponível em: https://ciclovivo.com.br/planeta/meio-ambiente/pesquisadora-fogoamazonia-explica-real-situacao-floresta/ Acesso em 29 set. 2019


O aumento da concentração de CO2 na atmosfera promovido pelas queimadas na Amazônia está relacionado a

3 Q680718 | Geografia, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Leia o fragmento de reportagem.


O presidente dos Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, designou oficialmente o Brasil como aliado militar preferencial do país fora da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN).

[...] O status dá ao Brasil o direito de tornar-se comprador preferencial de equipamentos e tecnologias militares dos Estados Unidos, além de participar de leilões organizados pelo Pentágono. A medida também abre caminho para a colaboração no desenvolvimento de soluções de defesa e o aumento dos intercâmbios militares e a realização de manobras conjuntas entre as Forças Armadas dos dois países.


Estados Unidos designam Brasil como aliado extra-Otan. Agência Brasil, 01 ago. 2019.

Disponível em: <http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/internacional/noticia/2019-08/estados-unidos-designam-oficialmente-brasil-como-aliado-extra-otan>Acesso em 29 set. 2019.


Com base nas informações acima e em seus conhecimentos sobre o assunto abordado, assinale a alternativa correta.

4 Q680730 | História, Segunda Grande Guerra – 19391945, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

“(...) A poesia fugiu dos livros, agora está nos jornais.

Os telegramas de Moscou repetem Homero.

Mas Homero é velho. Os telegramas cantam um mundo novo

que nós, na escuridão, ignorávamos.

Fomos encontrá-lo em ti, cidade destruída,

na paz de tuas ruas mortas, mas não conformadas,

no teu arquejo de vida mais forte que o estouro das bombas,

na tua fria vontade de resistir.”

(Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Carta a Stalingrado do livro Rosa do Povo”. Em Poesia e Prosa. Rio de janeiro, Editora Nova Aguilar, 1983)


O trecho acima relata, poeticamente, uma das maiores batalhas da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a batalha de Stalingrado, em 1943, na União Soviética. Stalingrado tornou-se sinônimo mundial do heroísmo e da luta pela pátria. A respeito desse episódio histórico e suas consequências é correto assinalar que

5 Q680709 | Inglês, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Texto associado.

Read the text below and answer question


Is it really possible that plant-based foods such as the Impossible Whopper are healthful?


ByCara Rosenbloom September9, 2019


With many American consumers interested in reducing their consumption of animal products without becoming vegetarian or vegan, the food industry has come up with a new craze: plant-based. Look around your grocery store, and you’ll see a growing number of dairy, egg and meat substitutes bearing this label.

But the industry has taken liberties with the definition of “plant-based.” Rather than focusing on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, which is what health professionals mean when they recommend “plant-based eating,” food manufacturers are developing ultra-processed burgers out of pea or soy protein, methylcellulose and maltodextrin, and liquid “eggs” out of mung bean protein isolate and gellan gum. Then they crown this ultra-processed food with an undeserved health halo.

(…)

Plant-based ultra-processed products such as these are formulated to taste like the real deal. Thus, consumers can feel virtuous or principled for choosing plants over meat without sacrificing too much flavor. But is there any value to plant-based products that have been crushed, extruded and shaped into facsimiles of the foods they are replacing? Let’s look at that question through several lenses — considering nutrients, how processed the food is and how producing the food affects the planet.

When I was in nutrition school, the health value of food was mostly calculated based on the presence of desirable nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins, and on the absence of negative nutrients, such as sodium or trans fat. If you compare ultra-processed plant-based foods and similar animal-based foods solely on their nutrients, you’ll find they are roughly the same.

Plant-based foods are purposely formulated to mimic animal-based foods, so plant-based milk is enriched with calcium and vitamin D to mimic cow’s milk, while veggie burgers are rich in protein and made with iron and zinc to imitate beef. But they aren’t always made to reduce the presence of less-healthy nutrients. Sometimes, the processed plant-based food will have more sodium than the processed animal-based food, and sometimes the animal food will be higher in calories or saturated fat.

(…)

Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food. True plant-based eating doesn’t mean opting for an Impossible Whopper in the drive-through or scrambling up some 15-ingredient “egg alternative.” It means a diet that includes nourishing options such as black beans, broccoli and brown rice. We’re always looking for some magical way to eat junky food and achieve health. Don’t be fooled by this plant-based pretense.

Adapted from the digital edition ofThe Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com



Choose the INCORRECT alternative, according to the text:

6 Q680712 | Inglês, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Texto associado.

Read the text and answer question


How to Make Friends While Traveling Solo

Even in the best cases, traveling alone can get lonely. Here’s how to connect safely with the people you meet along the way.

By Aric Jenkins April 16, 2019

Experiencing another culture on your own terms, at your own pace, with a budget of your own choosing can be an incredibly rewarding and insightful adventure. But while some may find such a journey liberating, others might worry about safety or a period of solitude in a strange, unfamiliar place. Humans, after all, are social animals.
Prospective solo travelers should know that, despite its label, solo travel does not have to mean you’re alone all the time. There are local communities to safely interact with as well as fellow globe-trotters in a similar position.
A 2016 report from travel research company Phocuswright found that a whopping 72 percent of hostel guests in the United States were traveling alone. Airbnb saw similar a trend in its data, with cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Cologne, and Johannesburg experiencing more than a 130 percent increase in individual bookings in 2016.
With solo traveling growing in popularity, it’s clear there are options to socialize with other travelers — it’s just a matter of putting yourself in the right position to do so. Here are some tactics you can use to meet and befriend people abroad, from tried-and-true methods to innovative new apps and technology.
Go on ‘free’ walking tours
The word free is in quotations because, assuming your tour guide is at least half-decent, you should tip them at the end (many earn the majorityof their income on commission). But these walking tours can be worth every penny. Not only will the guide give you an informed and hopefully entertaining view of the locale, but you’ll have a chance to interact with other tourists and possibly come away with a new friend.
(…)
Use Airbnb to go on unique experiences hosted by locals
Airbnb may be known more for its lodging arrangements, but it also wants to give you something to do at your destination. Airbnb Experiences connects travelers with local guides who lead guests on paid activities ranging from city tours to bar crawls and hobby and skill classes. Launched in late 2016, Experiences quickly became a popularfeature.
Connect with like-minded explorers on social travel apps
Prefer to cut out the middleman and connect directly with other travelers? Try your hand at the crop of social networking apps specifically designed for travel. Travello, free on iOS and Android, allows you to discover other travelersnearby, match itineraries for planned trips and join groups based on similar interests. You can also create a feed by posting photos and updates.
(…)
Stay in hostels
In a world of hospitable hotels and authentic Airbnbs, why do travelers elect to stay in hostels? Two reasons, really: Hostels are cheap and sociable. You’ll find college-esque dormitories with common lounge rooms and kitchens, and sometimes a bar or cafe.
It’s an idealenvironmentto meet other travelers, and hostel staffs are well aware of this — some will lead city tours or pub crawls designed to foster interaction between hostel mates. Others might host game nights in the common room or arrange family dinners.
(…)
Adapted from the digital edition of The New York Times: www.nytimes.com

According to the article, choose the correct alternative.
I. Walking tours are free because you don’t have to pay anything for them. II. Airbnb Experiences also provides a way to interact with people through a local guest. III. Social Travels Apps can connect you to local people so that they can help you plan your trips and join local groups.

7 Q680722 | Química, Grandezas massa, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

O medicamento denominado genericamente de paracetamol é indicado, em adultos, para a redução da febre e para o alívio temporário de dores leves a moderadas. Pode ser administrado ao paciente na dosagem máxima de 75 mg/kg de massa corpórea. Considerando-se que um paciente tenha 70 kg, e que cada comprimido de paracetamol contenha 750 mg desse princípio ativo, o número de comprimidos inteiros, que pode ser tomado para que a dosagem máxima seja alcançada, é de

8 Q680728 | Biologia, Gimnospermas e Angiospermas, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Como no reino Animalia, a conquista do ambiente terrestre requereu dos representantes do reino Plantae a independência da água para fecundação. É correto afirmar que

9 Q680708 | Inglês, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Texto associado.

Read the text below and answer question


Is it really possible that plant-based foods such as the Impossible Whopper are healthful?


ByCara Rosenbloom September9, 2019


With many American consumers interested in reducing their consumption of animal products without becoming vegetarian or vegan, the food industry has come up with a new craze: plant-based. Look around your grocery store, and you’ll see a growing number of dairy, egg and meat substitutes bearing this label.

But the industry has taken liberties with the definition of “plant-based.” Rather than focusing on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, which is what health professionals mean when they recommend “plant-based eating,” food manufacturers are developing ultra-processed burgers out of pea or soy protein, methylcellulose and maltodextrin, and liquid “eggs” out of mung bean protein isolate and gellan gum. Then they crown this ultra-processed food with an undeserved health halo.

(…)

Plant-based ultra-processed products such as these are formulated to taste like the real deal. Thus, consumers can feel virtuous or principled for choosing plants over meat without sacrificing too much flavor. But is there any value to plant-based products that have been crushed, extruded and shaped into facsimiles of the foods they are replacing? Let’s look at that question through several lenses — considering nutrients, how processed the food is and how producing the food affects the planet.

When I was in nutrition school, the health value of food was mostly calculated based on the presence of desirable nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins, and on the absence of negative nutrients, such as sodium or trans fat. If you compare ultra-processed plant-based foods and similar animal-based foods solely on their nutrients, you’ll find they are roughly the same.

Plant-based foods are purposely formulated to mimic animal-based foods, so plant-based milk is enriched with calcium and vitamin D to mimic cow’s milk, while veggie burgers are rich in protein and made with iron and zinc to imitate beef. But they aren’t always made to reduce the presence of less-healthy nutrients. Sometimes, the processed plant-based food will have more sodium than the processed animal-based food, and sometimes the animal food will be higher in calories or saturated fat.

(…)

Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food. True plant-based eating doesn’t mean opting for an Impossible Whopper in the drive-through or scrambling up some 15-ingredient “egg alternative.” It means a diet that includes nourishing options such as black beans, broccoli and brown rice. We’re always looking for some magical way to eat junky food and achieve health. Don’t be fooled by this plant-based pretense.

Adapted from the digital edition ofThe Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com



According to the text, choose the correct alternative:

10 Q680711 | Inglês, Grupos II e III, MACKENZIE, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Texto associado.

Read the text and answer question


How to Make Friends While Traveling Solo

Even in the best cases, traveling alone can get lonely. Here’s how to connect safely with the people you meet along the way.

By Aric Jenkins April 16, 2019

Experiencing another culture on your own terms, at your own pace, with a budget of your own choosing can be an incredibly rewarding and insightful adventure. But while some may find such a journey liberating, others might worry about safety or a period of solitude in a strange, unfamiliar place. Humans, after all, are social animals.
Prospective solo travelers should know that, despite its label, solo travel does not have to mean you’re alone all the time. There are local communities to safely interact with as well as fellow globe-trotters in a similar position.
A 2016 report from travel research company Phocuswright found that a whopping 72 percent of hostel guests in the United States were traveling alone. Airbnb saw similar a trend in its data, with cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Cologne, and Johannesburg experiencing more than a 130 percent increase in individual bookings in 2016.
With solo traveling growing in popularity, it’s clear there are options to socialize with other travelers — it’s just a matter of putting yourself in the right position to do so. Here are some tactics you can use to meet and befriend people abroad, from tried-and-true methods to innovative new apps and technology.
Go on ‘free’ walking tours
The word free is in quotations because, assuming your tour guide is at least half-decent, you should tip them at the end (many earn the majorityof their income on commission). But these walking tours can be worth every penny. Not only will the guide give you an informed and hopefully entertaining view of the locale, but you’ll have a chance to interact with other tourists and possibly come away with a new friend.
(…)
Use Airbnb to go on unique experiences hosted by locals
Airbnb may be known more for its lodging arrangements, but it also wants to give you something to do at your destination. Airbnb Experiences connects travelers with local guides who lead guests on paid activities ranging from city tours to bar crawls and hobby and skill classes. Launched in late 2016, Experiences quickly became a popularfeature.
Connect with like-minded explorers on social travel apps
Prefer to cut out the middleman and connect directly with other travelers? Try your hand at the crop of social networking apps specifically designed for travel. Travello, free on iOS and Android, allows you to discover other travelersnearby, match itineraries for planned trips and join groups based on similar interests. You can also create a feed by posting photos and updates.
(…)
Stay in hostels
In a world of hospitable hotels and authentic Airbnbs, why do travelers elect to stay in hostels? Two reasons, really: Hostels are cheap and sociable. You’ll find college-esque dormitories with common lounge rooms and kitchens, and sometimes a bar or cafe.
It’s an idealenvironmentto meet other travelers, and hostel staffs are well aware of this — some will lead city tours or pub crawls designed to foster interaction between hostel mates. Others might host game nights in the common room or arrange family dinners.
(…)
Adapted from the digital edition of The New York Times: www.nytimes.com

According to the article, choose the correct alternative:
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