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4 Q670927 | Inglês, UFPR Vestibular UFPR, UFPR, FUNPAR NC UFPR, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

Ancient dreams of intelligent machines: 3,000 years of robots

The French philosopher René Descartes was reputedly fond of automata:

they inspired his view that living things were biological

machines that function like clockwork. Less known is a strange story that began to circulate after the philosopher’s death in 1650. This

centred on Descartes’s daughter Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five.

According to the tale, a distraught Descartes had a clockwork Francine made: a walking, talking simulacrum. When Queen Christina

invited the philosopher to Sweden in 1649, he sailed with the automaton concealed in a casket. Suspicious sailors forced the trunk open;

when the mechanical child sat up to greet them, the horrified crew threw it overboard.

The story is probably apocryphal. But it sums up the hopes and fears that have been associated with human-like machines for nearly

three millennia. Those who build such devices do so in the hope that they will overcome natural limits – in Descartes’s case, death itself. But

this very unnaturalness terrifies and repulses others. In our era of advanced robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), those polarized responses

persist, with pundits and the public applauding or warning against each advance. Digging into the deep history of intelligent machines, both

real and imagined, we see how these attitudes evolved: from fantasies of trusty mechanical helpers to fears that runaway advances in

technology might lead to creatures that supersede humanity itself.

(Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05773-y)

De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar:

a) As centenas de mortes ocasionadas pelo incêndio em uma mina de carvão tensionaram as relações entre mineiros e as companhias.
b) Os riscos de morte e de inalação de fumaça têm sido minorados com a com a intervenção da União Nacional dos Mineradores.
c) Representantes das companhias que atuam nas minas na África do Sul se manifestaram por meio de um comunicado em relação às medidas tomadas no caso das mortes nas minas.
d) A União Nacional de Mineradores (NUM) reprovou os incidentes ocorridos em minas na África do Sul, afirmando que eles têm se tornado uma tendência.
e) A morte de mineiros em uma mina de carvão e outras centenas de mineiros presos em uma mina de ouro ao leste de Johannesburgo ocorreram simultaneamente.

5 Q670913 | Inglês, Vestibular Primeiro Semestre PUC PR, PUC PR, PUC PR, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

Portable devices

Buddy, can you spare a watt?

Trading power could free users from dead-battery tyranny

ONE of the most annoying features of smartphones is that they run out of power just when you need it most. After a day of e-mailing, streaming music, downloading podcasts, watching cat videos and snapping selfies, a device can easily be left without enough charge to make an emergency call. What would help, reckons Paul Worgan of the University of Bristol, in England, is to give portable devices the ability to share some of their power. Mr Worgan and his colleagues have come up with a wireless-charging system which they call PowerShake. To use it someone holds a phone with an expiring battery against another device—a phone, or even a smartwatch or a fitness band—and this initiates a power transfer from one to the other. Some 12 seconds of contact provides enough juice to make a one-minute telephone call. One minute of contact would allow, say, a four minute music video to be watched. The researchers will present their idea to CHI2016, a conference on computer-human interaction, in San Jose, California, in May. Available in:. Access on: may 2016.

I. New smartphones will have power to spare.

II. PowerShake wireless-charging system will help you to charge your out of power smartphone.

III. You have to plug in both phones for 12 seconds.

IV. This new feature will allow you to make a short phone call.

V. The researchers will present this new idea at their university, in San Jose, California.

a) Only statements II and IV are correct.
b) Only statements I and III are correct.
c) Only statements II and V are correct.
d) Only statements III and IV are correct.
e) Only statements I and II are correct.

6 Q670890 | Inglês, Vestibular UERJ, UERJ, UERJ, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

Our (Im)perfect bOdIes

Since I write a lot about positive body image, you’d think that I am well over the idea that weight

should be something that I allow to define my life. Yet, the vestiges of my past life as a woman

obsessed with weight still linger. A good example is vacation pictures. If I show you pictures of all

the places I have been in my Iife, I can give you minute details about the place itself, the food, the

5 sights and the weather. I can also tell you something else simply by looking at those pictures: the

exact number on the scale I was at that particular time in my life.

Sometimes my past catches up with me. I like to think of myself as a recovering weight-a-holic.

The fear of being overweight is a constant one of despair at not being personally successful in

controlling your own body. What good is being in control of finances, major companies and

10 businesses if you’re not in control of your body?! Silly idea, right? And yet that is exactly the

unconscious thought many intelligent women have.

Feeling satisfied with your appearance makes a tremendous amount of difference in how you

present yourself to the world. Some women live their entire lives on their perception of their

physical selves. But I’ve been there, done that. The hell with that idea! Personally, I became tired

15 of living my Iife this way.

My friend is an art historian who specializes in the Renaissance period. Talking with him recently gave

me a perspective on body image. As we walked through the permanent exhibit of Renaissance

Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he pointed out the paintings done of women.

The women came in all sizes, all shapes. Some were curvier than others, but all were beautiful.

20 Some had what we refer to as love handles; some had soft, fuller stomachs that had never suffered

through crunches in a gym. Though I had seen them many times, it was actually refreshing to view

them in a new light.

We are led to believe our self-worth must be a reflection of our looks. So, in essence, if we don’t

believe we look good, we assume we have no worth! Yet, self-worth should have nothing to do

25 with looks and everything to do with an innate feeling that you really are worth it. You are worth

going after your dreams, you are worth being in a good relationship, you are worth living a life that

fulfills and nourishes you, and you are certainly worthy of being a successful woman.

There is a quote attributed to Michelangelo that I’ve always admired. When a friend complimented

him on the glorious Sistine Chapel, the great artist, referring to his art in the feminine form, was

said to have replied: “She is worthy of admiration simply because she exists; perfection and

imperfection together”.

BRISTEN HOUGHTON

Adaptado de twitter.com.

the exact number on the scale I was at that particular time in my life. (l. 5-6) Concerning the author’s feelings, the statement above illustrates the following fact:

a) she is still weight-conscious
b) she is well over weight issues
c) she is never troubled by weight
d) she is more obsessed with weight

7 Q670869 | Inglês, UFRGS Vestibular 1 dia UFRGS, UFRGS, UFRGS, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

The complex linguistic universe of

Game of Thrones

1.Game of Thrones has garnered 38 Emmy

2.awards for its portrayal of a world of sex,

3.violence and politics so real that some viewers

4.could imagine moving there. Part of that detail

5.has been the creation of the richest linguistic

6.universe since J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle Earth.

7.In the field of language-creation for fictional

8.worlds, there is Tolkien, and there is everybody

9.else. But David Peterson, the language-smith

10.of Game of Thrones , comes a close second for

11.the amount of thought put into its two

12.languages, Dothraki and Valyrian. The interest

13.in these tongues is such that a textbook for

14.learning Dothraki has been published, while

15.Duolingo, a popular online language-learning

16.platform, now offers a course in High Valyrian.

17.Inspired by fictional languages such as those

18.in the Star Wars films and with a master’s

19.degree in linguistics, Peterson made Dothraki

20.and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible.

21.Creating words is the easy part; anyone can

22.string together nonsense syllables. But

23.Peterson, like Tolkien, took the trouble to give

24his words etymologies and cousins, so that

25.the word for “feud” is related to the words

26.“blood” and “fight”. To make the languages

27.pronounceable but clearly foreign, he put

28.non-English sounds in high-frequency words

29.(like khaleesi , or queen), put the stress in

30.typically non-English places, and had words

31.begin with combinations of sounds that are

32.impossible in English, like hr .

33.Armed with a knowledge of common linguistic

34.sound changes, he gives his languages the

35kinds of irregularities and disorder that arise in

36.the real world: High Valyrian’s obar

37(“curve”) becomes Astapori Valyrian’s uvor .

38.Words’ meanings—as in real life—drift, too,

39.giving the system more realistic messiness.

40.Languages also play a prominent role in the

41.storyline. Dothraki is the guttural language of

42.a horse-borne warrior nation, but high-born

43.Daenerys Targaryen does not look down on it;

44.methodically learning it is key to her rise.

45.Tyrion Lannister is left to administer the city

46.of Mereen despite his ropy command of

47.Valyrian, leading to some comic moments.

48.And a prophecy of a future hero acquires new

49.meaning when an interpreter explains that the

50.word in question is ambiguous in Valyrian—it

51.could be “prince” or “princess”.

52.It might seem odd that a highly sexist society

53.like the one of Game of Thrones would have

54.languages where sex roles were not clearly

55.marked, but languages are not always perfect

56.vehicles for a culture. Random change can

57.leave them with too many words for one

58.concept, and not enough for another. In this

59.way, the flawed nature of language reflects

60.the foibles of flawed humans and the

61.imperfect worlds they strive to create.

Adaptado de:

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21725752-dothraki-and-valyrian-are-mostconvincing-

fictional-tongues-elvish>.

Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.

Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda aos seus respectivos sinônimos, na coluna da direita, de acordo com o sentido que têm no texto.

( ) garnered (l. 01)

( ) look down on (l. 43)

( ) ropy (l. 46)

( ) strive (l. 61)

1. despise

2. earned

3. old-fashioned

4. observe

5. poor

6. endeavor

7. celebrated

8. aim

A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é

a) 7 – 1 – 3 – 6.
b) 7 – 4 – 5 – 6.
c) 2 – 1 – 3 – 8.
d) 2 – 4 – 5 – 6.
e) 2 – 1 – 5 – 6.

8 Q670858 | Inglês, UFRGS Vestibular 1 dia UFRGS, UFRGS, UFRGS, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

Assinale com V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) as seguintes afirmações acerca do texto.

( ) O narrador nostalgicamente rememora sua juventude despreocupada, anterior ao seu confinamento.

( ) O narrador, por encontrar-se de cabeça para baixo, está confuso e imerso em ilusões acerca do mundo ao seu redor.

( ) O texto reveste-se de ironia em função do descompasso entre a condição do narrador e seu domínio de linguagem.

( ) O texto apresenta um relato incomum que instiga o leitor a conjecturar acerca do desenvolvimento humano e da formação da consciência.

A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é

a) V – V – F – F.
b) V – V – F – V.
c) V – F – V – V.
d) F – F – V – F.
e) F – F – V – V.

9 Q670855 | Inglês, Vestibular CEDERJ, CEDERJ, CECIERJ, Ensino Médio

Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope

by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu

Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:

“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.

According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.

“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”

There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.

Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.

If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.

This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights. Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/> . Access 09 Oct. 2018.

Glossary bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up: surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns: campanhas de difamação.

In the text, Turkey is used as an example of a country where

a) battles of who owns social media are constantly lost.
b) social media is used to combat corruption and defend human rights.
c) smear campaigns are organized by social media movements.
d) citizens cannot use social media to expose their views.

10 Q670841 | Inglês, Vestibular UnB, UnB, CESPE CEBRASPE, Ensino Médio

Texto associado.

1 Chaplin was famous in a way that no one had been

before; arguably, no one has been as famous since. At the peak

of his popularity, his screen persona, the Tramp, was the most

4 recognized image in the world. His name came first in

discussions of the new medium as popular entertainment, and

in defences of it as a distinct art form — a cultural position

7 occupied afterwards only by the Beatles, whose own

era-defining popularity never equalled Chaplin’s. He’s the

closest thing the 20th century produced to a universal cultural

10 touchstone.

Film histories will invariably assert that Chaplin’s

mass popularity was owed to the way in which the Tramp

13 represented a destitute everyman. His films turned hunger,

laziness, and the feeling of being unwanted into comedy. He

was an ego artist, a performer with an uncanny relationship to

16 the camera who spent the early part of his career refining his

screen persona and the latter part of it deconstructing it.

Many a film critic raises the issue of Chaplin’s actual

19 relationship to the cultural moment of the time — and the fact

that his popularity survived several periods of sweeping

cultural change. His post-silent films — which include his two

22 most enduringly popular features, Modern Times and The

Great Dictator — reflect his own attitudes more than the

feelings of American audiences at the time. His mature work is

25 deliberately artificial, set in a world pieced together from

chunks of European and American past, present, and, in the

case of Modern Times, future.

Ignaty Vishnevetsky A century later, why does Chaplin

still matters?

Internet: Ignaty Vishnevetsky A century later, why does Chaplin

still matters? Internet: www film avclub com (adapted)

According to the text above, judge the following statements.

Due to his inflated ego, Chaplin tried very hard to select the best possible angles for the cameras.

Certo
Errado