Questões de Vestibular: UNC

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A French art expert believes a charcoal drawing kept in a collection for more than 150 years may be a preparatory sketch made by Leonardo da Vinci of the Mona Lisa.

The black-and-white drawing of a woman, nude from the waist up, known as the Monna Vanna, was previously attributed to Leonardo’s studio, suggesting it was done in his style by a pupil or follower, not by the master himself.

But after preliminary tests at the Louvre Museum, experts believe the sketch may well have been drawn by Leonardo.

Among the signs, according to curator Mathieu Deldicque, are the fact the drawing was made during the same period as the Mona Lisa, the paper is from the same region of Italy, and the technique is very similar to that of the Mona Lisa.

“We know the drawing was made during the lifetime of Leonardo da Vinci, we know that the paper was made in Italy, between Venice and Florence, and the third discovery is the high quality of this drawing in the face of the Monna Vanna and in her arms,” Deldicque told reporters.

“That’s very interesting because the arms are the same as the Mona Lisa‘s.”

Leonardo, who lived from 1452 to 1519, was an engineer, scientist, inventor and sculptor, as well as one of the finest artists of the Italian Renaissance.

He painted the Mona Lisa, also known as La Gioconda and regarded as the world’s most valuable artwork, at the beginning of the 16th century. It is believed to depict Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a successful merchant.

EXCITING

The charcoal portrait, in which the woman is holding a similar pose to the Mona Lisa but with her body more side-on and her head turned further over her left shoulder, has been held in a collection at the Conde Museum at the Palace of Chantilly, north of Paris, since 1862.

The Mona Lisa and Monna Vanna hold their hands in very similar ways, the right hand across the left and resting on the forearm, the fingers gently extended.

Deldicque said that while it was exciting to think the charcoal drawing was created by Leonardo, there were more tests to be done.

“We have one more month of analysis and then a very slow process of history of art with a collection of analysts and advice by specialists,” he said.

It is possible that process will determine that the authorship is the same. But it may also be inconclusive, he said, adding:

“Maybe the mystery will remain.”

(Source: adapted from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-monalisa-sketch/is-16th-century-charcoal-sketch-a-naked-mona-lisa-idUSKCN1C42LD, retrieved on October 1, 2017)

MEUS OITO ANOS

Casimiro de Abreu

Oh! que saudades que tenho

Da aurora da minha vida,

Da minha infância querida

Que os anos não trazem mais!

Que amor, que sonhos, que flores,

Naquelas tardes fagueiras

À sombra das bananeiras,

Debaixo dos laranjais!

[...]

MEUS OITO ANOS

Oswald de Andrade

Oh que saudades que eu tenho

Da aurora de minha vida

Das horas

De minha infância

Que os anos não trazem mais

Naquele quintal de terra

Da Rua de Santo Antônio

Debaixo da bananeira

Sem nenhum laranjais

[...]

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A French art expert believes a charcoal drawing kept in a collection for more than 150 years may be a preparatory sketch made by Leonardo da Vinci of the Mona Lisa.

The black-and-white drawing of a woman, nude from the waist up, known as the Monna Vanna, was previously attributed to Leonardo’s studio, suggesting it was done in his style by a pupil or follower, not by the master himself.

But after preliminary tests at the Louvre Museum, experts believe the sketch may well have been drawn by Leonardo.

Among the signs, according to curator Mathieu Deldicque, are the fact the drawing was made during the same period as the Mona Lisa, the paper is from the same region of Italy, and the technique is very similar to that of the Mona Lisa.

“We know the drawing was made during the lifetime of Leonardo da Vinci, we know that the paper was made in Italy, between Venice and Florence, and the third discovery is the high quality of this drawing in the face of the Monna Vanna and in her arms,” Deldicque told reporters.

“That’s very interesting because the arms are the same as the Mona Lisa‘s.”

Leonardo, who lived from 1452 to 1519, was an engineer, scientist, inventor and sculptor, as well as one of the finest artists of the Italian Renaissance.

He painted the Mona Lisa, also known as La Gioconda and regarded as the world’s most valuable artwork, at the beginning of the 16th century. It is believed to depict Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a successful merchant.

EXCITING

The charcoal portrait, in which the woman is holding a similar pose to the Mona Lisa but with her body more side-on and her head turned further over her left shoulder, has been held in a collection at the Conde Museum at the Palace of Chantilly, north of Paris, since 1862.

The Mona Lisa and Monna Vanna hold their hands in very similar ways, the right hand across the left and resting on the forearm, the fingers gently extended.

Deldicque said that while it was exciting to think the charcoal drawing was created by Leonardo, there were more tests to be done.

“We have one more month of analysis and then a very slow process of history of art with a collection of analysts and advice by specialists,” he said.

It is possible that process will determine that the authorship is the same. But it may also be inconclusive, he said, adding:

“Maybe the mystery will remain.”

(Source: adapted from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-monalisa-sketch/is-16th-century-charcoal-sketch-a-naked-mona-lisa-idUSKCN1C42LD, retrieved on October 1, 2017)

Texto : Foro privilegiado

Se você, político, acabou pego com a boca na botija, não precisa se preocupar tanto. Você sabe que, dependendo do seu cargo, ainda tem o foro privilegiado, que permite aos nossos homens e mulheres públicos serem julgados exclusivamente por instâncias superiores, como o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça e Tribunais Regionais de Justiça. São 45,3 mil políticos beneficiados: ministros de Estado, deputados, senadores, juízes, prefeitos. Em alguns Estados, até vereadores.

Parte do problema do foro privilegiado é que as altas instâncias são alérgicas a condenar políticos pilantras. Um levantamento da Fundação Getúlio Vargas mostra que, das 404 ações penais concluídas no Supremo entre 2011 e o início de 2016, 68% prescreveram ou empacaram (que é quando o STF espera o acusado deixar seu cargo público para remeter o caso às instâncias inferiores). Condenações mesmo, perpetradas pelo STF, ocorreram só em 0,74% dos casos – três das 404 ações.

Se a política fosse o Banco Imobiliário, seria como tirar a carta de saída livre da prisão, e ministros do STF sabem disso. Um levantamento feito pelo ministro Luís Roberto Barroso mostra que o Supremo leva, em média, 565 dias para aceitar uma denúncia. Em despacho encaminhado à ministra Cármen Lúcia, presidente da Corte, ele afirma: “O sistema é feito para não funcionar”.

No Reino Unido, nem existe foro privilegiado. Primeiro-ministro e parlamentares são julgados por tribunais comuns. O Supremo deles serve basicamente como corte de recursos. Enquanto isso, por aqui, a população já sabe citar mais nomes de membros do STF do que da Seleção Brasileira. Coisas de um país duro de funcionar, e que deveria observar melhor os bons exemplos que existem fora de suas fronteiras.

Disponível em:<https://super.abril.com.br/comportamento/como-os-paises-honestos-se-previnem-contra-temers-e-cunhas/>. Acesso: 19 de set. de 2017. [Fragmento adaptado].

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"Many people do not wash their hands when the behavior in which they engage would warrant it," begins a recent study from Michigan State University, and I'm sorry to say it only gets grosser from there. Researchers sneakily observed 3,749 people in public restrooms and found that nearly all of them—95 percent—didn't wash their hands long enough to kill germs.

Even scarier, 15 percent of men and 7 percent of women did not wash their hands at all. When they did bother to turn on a faucet, half of men and 22 percent of women neglected to use soap! (Or, as the researchers describe it: They "attempted to wash their hands," but failed.)

The CDC says you need to wash your hands—with soap!—for at least 20 seconds in order to kill disease-causing germs.

Alas, the people in this study only washed their hands for an average of 6 seconds (...)

This extensive study founds lots of other interesting tidbits about hand-washing habits. Here are a few:

• People were more likely to wash their hands in the morning

• People were less likely to wash their hands if the sink was dirty

• People were more likely to wash their hands if there was sign to remind them

Other hand-washing research has found that college students are disgusting, people will wash their hands if they're being watched, and antibacterial soap isn't much better than the regular kind.

The study appears in the Journal of Environmental Health.

(Source: adapted from https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-06/only-5-percent-people-wash-their-hands-correctly)